Brushless motors (BLDC motors) have been widely used in fans, power tools, home appliances, and electric vehicles due to their high efficiency, long life, and low noise. Fans are common household appliances, and if the built-in brushless motor does not rotate, it may confuse the user. Understanding the causes and solutions of brushless motor failure can help quickly troubleshoot and restore the normal operation of the equipment. X-TEAM will introduce the common causes and solutions of fan brushless motor failure in detail.
- Common causes of brushless motor failure
1) Power supply problem
A common reason why the motor cannot rotate is the power supply problem. If the power socket, power cord, or power switch fails, the motor cannot get power normally. At this time, check whether the power supply is normal and make sure that the power cord is well connected and not loose or broken.
2) Motor controller failure
Brushless motors usually require a motor controller (such as a driver board) to control the operation of the rotor. If the controller fails, the motor will not rotate. The manifestations of controller failure usually include motor heating, abnormal noise, or no operation at all. At this time, the problem can be solved by checking whether the controller is working properly or by replacing the controller.
3) Poor contact of motor circuit
If the wiring inside the motor is loose, poorly contacted or broken, the current cannot flow smoothly to the various parts of the motor, causing the motor to fail to rotate. Check the cables and wiring of the motor to ensure that all connection points are not damaged or loose.
4) Stuck between the stator and rotor of the motor
The gap between the stator and rotor inside the brushless motor needs to be kept appropriate. If the stator and rotor are stuck or rubbed due to long-term use or external substances entering, the rotation of the motor will be hindered or even unable to rotate. Check whether the motor is blocked by foreign objects, clean it up and restart it.
5) Abnormal drive signal
The rotation of the brushless motor depends on precise drive signals (such as square wave signals) to control. If the drive signal output by the controller is abnormal, the motor may not rotate normally. At this time, you can use tools such as oscilloscopes to check the drive signal to ensure that the signal output is normal.
6) Overload protection triggering
Some fan brushless motors have built-in overload protection. When the motor is overloaded or overloaded, the protection system will automatically cut off the power supply to prevent damage to the motor. At this time, if the motor does not return to normal load state, it may be necessary to reset the overload protection or reduce the motor load.
- Solution to the fan brushless motor not rotating
1) Check the power supply and power cord
Make sure the power socket is working properly and the power cord is not broken or short-circuited. If there is a problem with the power socket, you can try to plug it into another power socket. If the power cord is found to be damaged, replace the power cord in time.
2) Check the motor controller and driver board
If it is suspected that the motor controller or driver board is faulty and the motor does not rotate, you can check it in the following ways:
(1) Make sure the controller wiring is not loose.
(2) Use a multimeter to check the voltage at the output end of the controller to ensure that the voltage is normal.
(3) If the controller fails, it is recommended to contact after-sales service or professional maintenance personnel for replacement.
3) Check the motor connection wires and connectors
Make sure the motor wiring is firm and the connection points are not loose. In particular, if the connection wires between the motor and the driver board are poorly contacted, the motor cannot receive the drive signal and cannot rotate.
4) Check if the motor rotor is stuck
If the motor is used for a long time or is invaded by foreign objects, friction or jamming may occur between the motor rotor and the stator. You can try to manually rotate the motor rotor to see if it is smooth. If there is jamming, you should clean the inside of the motor, remove foreign objects, and check the status of the motor rotor.
5) Check the drive signal
Use an oscilloscope or other tools to check the drive signal output by the controller to ensure that the waveform of the signal is normal. If the signal is unstable or interrupted, you may need to replace the controller or repair the fault on the controller.
6) Reset the overload protection function
If the motor’s overload protection is triggered, you may need to reset it manually. Most fan brushless motors have a reset button. After pressing the reset button, the motor will resume normal operation. If the overload problem persists, check whether the fan load is too heavy or the motor is overheated.
The reasons why the fan brushless motor does not rotate may involve power supply problems, motor controller failure, motor internal jamming, or abnormal drive signal. The problem of the fan brushless motor not rotating can be effectively solved by troubleshooting the power supply, checking the controller, cleaning the inside of the motor, checking the motor wiring and drive signal, etc. When you encounter a fault that cannot be solved by yourself, it is recommended to contact professional maintenance personnel for diagnosis and repair to ensure the normal use of the motor.
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